free rider 非工會會員但享受工會活動成果的工人。
非工會會員但享受工會活動成果的工人。 “free“ 中文翻譯： adj. (freer; freest) 1.自由的，自 ...“rider“ 中文翻譯： n. 1.騎馬的人；善于騎馬的人；騎師；〔古語〕跑生意的 ...“free-rider“ 中文翻譯： 免費搭車者(享受其他國家最惠國待遇而不進行相應減讓的國家)“free rider; free riding“ 中文翻譯： 搭便車；搭便車者“free rider problem“ 中文翻譯： 搭便車問題; 搭便車者問題“free rider tendency“ 中文翻譯： 搭便車效應“free-rider effect“ 中文翻譯： 搭便車效應“free-rider problem“ 中文翻譯： 搭便車“rider“ 中文翻譯： n. 1.騎馬的人；善于騎馬的人；騎師；〔古語〕跑生意的，行商。 2.〔古語〕騎士，武士；馴馬師；馬賊。 3.附款；附筆；(特指議會三讀會的)追加條款。 4.(精密天平上的)游(動砝)碼。 5.制導器；【數學】系；〔口語〕乘波導[飛]彈；【幾】應用習題；(機械裝置的)上部；夾層；【航海】(加固船體的)蓋頂木料[鋼板]；【園藝】接穗；【建筑】(支墻)斜撐。 by way of rider 作為…的追加，作為附款。 -ship 全體乘客；乘客數。 adj. -less 沒人騎的；沒主人的(馬)；無附款的，無追加條款的。 “a bareback rider“ 中文翻譯： 不用馬鞍的騎手“a subway rider“ 中文翻譯： 地鐵乘客“adventurous rider“ 中文翻譯： 喜歡冒險的騎手“alex rider“ 中文翻譯： 阿里克斯萊德“attach a rider“ 中文翻譯： 在行將通過的法案中附加一項條款“balance rider“ 中文翻譯： 天平游碼; 游碼“beam rider“ 中文翻譯： 波束制導導彈; 波束制導系統; 駕束式導彈; 絕對不是什么梁摩托車; 一種導彈制導方式“beam-rider“ 中文翻譯： 駕束式導彈“belt rider“ 中文翻譯： 雙連皮帶“bob rider“ 中文翻譯： 乘大雪橇者“boundary rider“ 中文翻譯： 〔澳大利亞〕牧場巡邊工。 “brake rider“ 中文翻譯： 司鉆“breakaway rider“ 中文翻譯： 擺脫了車群的運動員（自行車）“camel rider“ 中文翻譯： 駱駝騎兵“car rider“ 中文翻譯： 修車棚; 在峰頂爬上車頂的制動員“circuit rider“ 中文翻譯： 〔美國〕(美以美教派的)巡回牧師。
free silver |
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Given the historical background and system arrangements , their intimate connection is examined and policy implication on shareholding structure is presented according to the statistical results . as a result , we find the following results : first , it is shown in the empirical study that an over - diversified shareholding structure may lead to the “ free rider “ problem and the relative concentration of the shareholding is beneficial to the enhancement of firm value . second , the relative control by the legal person is beneficial to the enforcement of corporate governance in the chinese listed firm ( 2 )股權相對集中有利于提高我國上市公司價值；國家股比例對公司價值的影響不顯著；法人股比例與公司價值成u型曲線關系，當法人股比例在0 35 . 05之間時，公司價值隨法人股比例的上升而增加，當法人股比例超過35 . 05時，公司價值隨法人股比例的上升而下降；流通股比例與公司價值成負相關。 |
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Based on holmstrom ' s model and by the theories of client - agent and games , we design a model named pacemaker to solve free rider problem . it suggests that we allocate heavy bonus to the pacemaker and punish the scapegoat of the team when allocating incentive compensation 本文在holmstrom模型基礎之上，運用委托代理理論和博弈論，設計了一種“業績標兵”模型，認為重獎內部評選的業績標兵并且引進“替罪羊”制度以懲罰偷懶者有利于抑制團隊內部中的“搭便車”問題。 |
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Such phenomena may result from a good many reasons such as the asymmetric in information accessibility , the imperfection in supervisory regulations , the psychological expectation to be “ free riders “ held by small and medium - sized fund - holders , etc . the phenomena literally reflect that there exist distinct defects in the governance structure of securities investment funds 由于信息不對稱問題的存在、監管法規的不完善以及中小持有人“搭便車”心理等方面的原因，基金資產被基金管理人控制的情況以及由此而引致的持有人利益損失現象在我國普遍存在。 |
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The economical functions of the important “ three represents “ thought are to save costs of the masses ' identifying with the legitimacy of our party , to overcome free rider of some cadres , to reduce the incentive costs to party members and cadres and strengthen incentive to party members and cadres , to debase supervisory and educational costs to party members and cadres and to reduce frictional costs between cadres and masses “三個代表”重要思想的經濟功能主要有節約群眾對黨執政地位的合法性的認同成本、克服黨員干部隊伍中的搭便車行為、減少對黨員干部的激勵成本與增強對黨員干部的激勵、降低對黨員干部的監督與教育費用以及消減干群之間的摩擦成本。 |
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Chapter 3 points out that we should introduce an external principal into virtual enterprise to avoid free rider . chapter 4 concludes that risk investment company is the exact principal we are seeking , and designs an incentive mechanism between risk investment company and virtual enterprise . chapter 5 presents several limitations of virtual enterprise 第三部分論述了白搭車現象是如何在虛擬企業中產生的，并且論述了要解決白搭車現象必須從外部引入一個委托人。第四部分論述了引入風險投資公司作為外部委托人，并且給出了風險投資公司與虛擬企業間的激勵制度的設計。 |
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His research interests have included property rights , transaction costs , economic organization in history , a theory of the state , the free rider problem ; and have focused on the formation of political and economic institutions and the consequences of these institutions on the performance of economies through time . that research was published by cambridge university press in institutions , institutional and economic performance 諾斯教授的研究興趣遍及產權、交易成本、歷史上的經濟組織、政體論、搭便車等問題，并集中研究政治和經濟制度的形成，以及這些制度對經濟表現的長遠影響，研究結果由劍橋大學出版社出版成書，題為《制度、制度的變革與經濟表現》 。 |
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This paper puts emphasis on : the free - rider both in value - added and monitoring activities , puts forward that the arrangement of equity can incent the non - lead experienced venture capitalists and mitigate their motivation of free rider , suggests letting syndicators take turns to be the dealer to solve the free rider problem in monitoring activities 本文對聯合投資中的“搭便車”問題分別就提供增值服務和監管進行了分析,提出利用股權激勵有經驗的跟投,減少其“搭便車”的動機;通過“輪流坐莊”的方式解決監管中的“搭便車”問題。 |
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Moreover , it sheds light on the free rider problems . then it proposes some suggestions to solve these issues respectively , such as signaling mechanism , screen mechanism and incentive mechanism . it is proved that good reputation and broad network can improve the efficiency of syndication 然后針對這些問題提出了相應的解決措施:如通過信息傳遞機制、激勵機制解決聯合投資中存在的逆向選擇與道德風險問題,并證明良好的聲譽和廣泛的關系網絡可以提高聯合投資的效率。 |
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The ideological functions of the important thought of “ three represents “ are to save costs of masses ' identifying with the legitimacy of our party , to overcome free rider of some cadres , to reduce the incentive costs to party members and cadres and strengthen incentive to party members and cadres , to debase supervisory and educational costs to party members and cadres and to reduce frictional costs between cadres and masses 摘要“三個代表”重要思想的意識形態功能主要有節約群眾對黨執政地位的合法性的認同成本、克服黨員干部隊伍中的搭便車行為、減少對黨員干部的激勵成本與增強對黨員干部的激勵、降低對黨員干部的監督與教育費用以及消減干群之間的摩擦成本。 |
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It ’ s the outcome of trust the people recognize and respect property rights each other . the conditions involve the occupancy becoming the common knowledge , sufficient proportion people punishing distrust , and the “ free riders ” of trust order restraining in low enough 財產權利的相互認可和尊重是信用的結果,其信用均衡成立的條件包括占有成為共同知識、有足夠比例的針對失信者的懲罰策略個體以及對信用秩序享受的搭便車行為必須控制在足夠低的水平。 |
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The voluntary provision of public goods has proved that individuals are not always free rider in the public goods provision . an economic person possesses of two characteristics : altruism and egoism 非政府組織及個人對公共物品的自愿提供以及實驗經濟學的結論證明了現實的人們并非總是“經濟人” ，每一個體都是一定程度的利他主義與利己主義的均衡體。 |
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In hong kong i had seen a streetcar conductor following a free rider to the street and grad hold of his necktie ， in place of the pigtail which used to be the first thing reached for in a brawl 我在香港的時候曾看到過一個巴士售票員追揩油搭便車的家伙，一直追到街上，抓住那人的領帶? ?有辮子可抓的時代已經結束了。 |
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In addition , there exists the phenomenon of “ free rider “ as a result of information asymmetry 此外由于信息不對稱的存在，團隊運作中還常出現“搭便車( freerider ) ”的現象。 |
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Free riders and collective action “ , 1974 , bell je . 免費搭車和集體行動“ , 1974年,鐘腦炎 |
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Example : then there is the free rider problem 例證：另外就是無本獲利的問題。 |